Quotation marks can be used when writing the translation of a word. The foreign word is usually written in italics. Example: Although gelato translates to "ice cream , " the two desserts are not exactly the same. Note: The period always goes outside the double prime mark, not inside.
In American English, this is the only time the period goes outside a quotation mark. Questions or Exclamations with Quotations If the author, not the speaker, is asking a question or exclaiming something, the question mark or exclamation mark goes outside the quotation marks because it isn't part of the original quotation. Did your mother say, " Yes, you can go "? I can't believe she said, " Yes "! Paragraphing Dialogue Authors start a new paragraph each time the speaker changes in order to help the reader keep track of who is speaking.
Writing Tip: Block quotations should be used sparingly. Remember that your voice is important -- after all it is your paper! Instead of using a block quotation, consider taking pieces of the larger quote and either paraphrase them put their ideas into your own words and provide an in-text citation or include precise, shorter quotations from the larger quote, integrated into your own sentences.
Either approach will help to ensure that you the writer have engaged with information in the quote and directly applied it to the topic of the paper. Here is an example of a block quotation. Note: Normally the passage would be double-spaced but, due to space restrictions, this example is single-spaced. Place direct quotations longer than 40 words in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks.
There are also triple and quadruple primes. These symbols which originated as miniature Roman numerals I , II , and III are best reserved for informal use or in practical content such as text about woodworking, or in charts or tables.
Otherwise, spelling out the terms the primes represent is recommended. Ordinal Indicator An ordinal indicator is a superscripted, or raised, number, letter, or other character used in text as a cross-reference to a footnote or endnote or a list of referenced sources.
These are employed, especially in academic texts, to direct readers to additional information that would be distracting if embedded in the running, or regular, text. When encountering an ordinal indicator, readers can ignore it or can direct their attention to the cross-referenced material and then return to the position of the indicator and resume reading the running text.
Superscript characters are located directly after the pertinent word, phrase, or sentence in the text, though they follow, rather than precede, punctuation with the exception of a dash, which the indicator should precede. Usually, the symbol is appropriate only for technical usage or for charts and tables and should be replaced by degrees in lay content.
However, sometimes, when there are a handful of references requiring such indicators but numbers or letters are not used, other symbols such as the dagger and double dagger are employed in a traditional hierarchy. If you quote a single paragraph or just part of one , do not indent the first line of the block quote more than the rest:.
It is not until near the end of The Hound of the Baskervilles that the hound itself is actually seen:. A hound it was, an enormous coal-black hound, but not such a hound as mortal eyes have ever seen. Fire burst from its open mouth, its eyes glowed with a smouldering glare, its muzzle and hackles and dewlap were outlined in flickering flame. Never in the delirious dream of a disordered brain could anything more savage, more appalling, more hellish be conceived than that dark form and savage face which broke upon us out of the wall of fog.
Doyle However, if the first sentence quoted does not begin a paragraph in the source, do not indent it the additional amount, only indent the subsequent paragraphs. Here is an example where the first sentence is the beginning of a paragraph:.
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