The criminal rationally chooses his target to limit the possibility of getting caught. Managers are not the type of people we consider desperate, always trying to make ends meet, and exposed to violence during childhood and thereafter. However, they become criminal, not by hurting others physically, but by stealing money and betraying clients and business partners. If the manager feels that his crime is benefitting the company more than it would do harm to it and if he or she lacks certain moral inhibitions against it, he or she is willing to break the law.
Add to cart. Why Crime Occurs in Society Crime occurs every day in our society, leaving criminologists with the task to find the reasons for it. Sign in to write a comment. Read the ebook. Praxeologie gegen Rational Action The Ursachen von kriminellen Handlungen.
In most cases, when people are asked, they claim they need to provide for the family because of which they end up getting stuck behind bars. There are many things which go on within the family, compelling a person to get involved in criminal activities. Many young people engage in criminal activities for they believe it is their responsibility to take care of family even if it means to commit a felony. Societal norms and standards have always been topical.
We live in a day and age where money is valued more than relationships and a normal standard of life. In the drive to succeed; many people fail to create a demarcation between their needs and wants. Some parents have a bizarre habit of comparing their children with other kids which is why their kids often indulge in criminal activities to make a lot of money.
When people flaunt their wealth in society it is common for less privileged people to feel compelled to earn more. This skyrocketing factor in many countries is often the main reason why so many people commit crimes. It is quite frustrating after one fails to get a job post studying for years in high school and university. Unemployment is not just an issue relevant to the developing countries but equally common in developed countries.
Unfortunately people spend a lot of money on their education, but seldom come across a good job immediately post the completion of their studies. Most youngsters destroy their careers when they engage in criminal activities very early on in their lives. This is another major reason for crime rates increasing every day.
In countries where there is economic deprivation of even the basic rights, it is common for people to rebel and transition into doing notorious activities. Furthermore in small communities it is common for people to engage in fights over land, property, wealth etc.
Especially during election campaigns, it is common for angry people to destroy cars, houses and properties to tell the government how cruel they can be if not entitled to their rights.
People who are not served justice become hostile and often engage in crimes. Though most of the courts of law try to do their best in the light of available evidence and all, but sometimes the innocent are proven guilty in the court which compels them to show the ugly side of their personality to the world. As many as thousands of people blame the judicial system as unfair and commit crimes.
Many often kill the members of the winning party when justice is not served to them. In many developing countries, it is common for people in small communities to kill each other based on simple issues.
Lastly, we would like to conclude, it is crucial to stay away from crime. Studies of violent adults have shown lower levels of cortisol; some believe this low level serves to numb an offender to the usual fear associated with committing a crime and possibly getting caught. It is difficult to isolate brain activity from social and psychological factors, as well as the effects of substance abuse, parental relations, and education.
Yet since some criminals are driven by factors largely out of their control, punishment will not be an effective deterrent. Help and treatment become the primary responses.
Conforming to Merton's earlier sociological theories, a survey of inmates in state prisons in the late s showed very low education levels. Many could not read or write above elementary school levels, if at all. The most common crimes committed by these inmates were robbery, burglary, automobile theft, drug trafficking, and shoplifting. Because of their poor educational backgrounds, their employment histories consisted of mostly low wage jobs with frequent periods of unemployment.
Employment at minimum wage or below living wage does not help deter criminal activity. Even with government social services, such as public housing, food stamps, and medical care, the income of a minimum wage household still falls short of providing basic needs. People must make a choice between continued long-term low income and the prospect of profitable crime.
Gaining further education, of course, is another option, but classes can be expensive and time consuming.
While education can provide the chance to get a better job, it does not always overcome the effects of abuse, poverty, or other limiting factors. A person's peer group strongly influences a decision to commit crime.
For example, young boys and girls who do not fit into expected standards of academic achievement or participate in sports or social programs can sometimes become Crack cocaine pipe displayed by police. Drugs and alcohol impair judgment and reduce inhibitions, giving a person greater courage to commit a crime. Children of families who cannot afford adequate clothing or school supplies can also fall into the same trap.
Researchers believe these youth may abandon schoolmates in favor of criminal gangs, since membership in a gang earns respect and status in a different manner. In gangs, antisocial behavior and criminal activity earns respect and street credibility. Like society in general, criminal gangs are usually focused on material gain. Gangs, however, resort to extortion, fraud, and theft as a means of achieving it.
The fear of young people, mostly boys, joining gangs influenced many government projects in the last half of the twentieth century including President Lyndon Johnson's —; served —69 "War on Crime" programs.
Some social factors pose an especially strong influence over a person's ability to make choices. Drug and alcohol abuse is one such factor. The urge to commit crime to support a drug habit definitely influences the decision process. Both drugs and alcohol impair judgment and reduce inhibitions socially defined rules of behavior , giving a person greater courage to commit a crime. Deterrents such as long prison sentences have little meaning when a person is high or drunk.
Substance abuse, commonly involving alcohol, triggers "stranger violence," a crime in which the victim has no relationship whatsoever with his or her attacker. Such an occurrence could involve a confrontation in a bar or some other public place where the attacker and victim happen to be at the same time.
Criminologists estimate that alcohol or drug use by the attacker is behind 30 to 50 percent of violent crime, such as murder, sexual assault, and robbery. In addition drugs or alcohol may make the victim a more vulnerable target for a criminal by being less attentive to activities around and perhaps visiting a poorly lighted or secluded area not normally frequented perhaps to purchase drugs. The idea that drug and alcohol abuse can be a major factor in a person's life is why there are numerous treatment programs for young people addicted to these substances.
Treatment focuses on positive support to influence a person's future decision making and to reduce the tendency for antisocial and criminal behavior. Another factor many criminologists consider key to making a life of crime easier is the availability of handguns in U. Many firearms used in crimes are stolen or purchased illegally bought on what is called the "black market".
Firearms provide a simple means of committing a crime while allowing offenders some distance or detachment from their victims. Of the , violent crimes involving firearms in , over , involved handguns. By the beginning of the twenty-first century firearm use was the eighth leading cause of death in the United States.
Similarly, the increased availability of free information on the Internet also makes it easy to commit certain kinds of At the beginning of the twenty-first century, firearm use was the eighth leading cause of death in the United States. Web sites provide instructions on how to make bombs and buy poisons; all this information is easily available from the comfort of a person's home. Easy access, however, will not be the primary factor in a person's decision to commit a crime.
Other factors—biological, psychological, or social—will also come into play. Bowlby, John. New York: Basic Books, Curran, Daniel J. Theories of Crime. Fleisher, Mark S. Karr-Morse, Robin, and Meredith S. Ghosts from the Nursery: Tracing the Roots of Violence. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, Renzetti, Claire M.
Women, Crime, and Criminal Justice. Los Angeles: Roxbury, Criminal Justice. Discouraging the choice of crime The purpose of punishment is to discourage a person from committing a crime.
Parental relations Cleckley's ideas on sociopathy were adopted in the s to describe a "cycle of violence" or pattern found in family histories.
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